Motion factors such as weight shift, acquisition of the velocity of the center of gravity, sweeping the legs, rotations of the hip and shoulder, twisting and untwisting of the trunk, acquisition of the velocity of the right knee and extension of the left knee had direct or indirect influences on the velocities gained by each body segment. The main results were as follows: Influences of velocities gained by each body segment on release velocity were largest for the arm, followed in order by the trunk and legs. The path model indicating the causal relationships among these factors was constructed by path analysis. Variables such as release velocity, velocities gained by each body segment, body segment velocity, body angle and angular velocity were obtained. The throwing motions of 61 male discus throwers were analyzed using three-dimensional motion analysis. The purpose of this study was to investigate, using path analysis, causal relationships among motion factors for achieving a high release velocity in the male discus throw. These results provide critical information regarding the training of discus-throwing techniques, and the direction of future biomechanical studies on this event. Also they should increase forward and rightward ground reaction force on the right foot and backward and vertical force on the left foot by powerful right-hip extension and internal rotation and left-knee extension during the delivery phase. These results suggest that discus throwers should drive vigorously forward during the first single-support phase and increase the landing impact force on the right foot after flight. Also, the right-hip extension and internal rotation moments and left-knee extension moment during the delivery phase were significantly correlated with official distance. Official distance was significantly correlated with ground reaction forces on the left foot during the first single-support phase, on the right foot during the second single-support phase and delivery phase, and on the left foot during the delivery phase. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine relationships of the selected kinematic and kinetic measures with the official distance. An inverse dynamic model was used to determine the lower extremity kinetics. Three high-speed video cameras and three force plates were used to collect three-dimensional videographic and force plate data in this study. The purposes of this study were to investigate (1) the relationships between official distance and selected ground reaction measures during discus throwing and (2) the relationships between selected ground reactions and selected lower extremity joint kinetics.
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